Follicle Disorders

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Overview

Keratosis pilaris is a condition in which the hair follicles become blocked with hair and dead cells from the outermost layer of skin (epidermis). The follicles redden and inflame causing bumps (papules) to develop. The papules of keratosis pilaris usually occur on the upper arms and thighs, but also appear on the face, back, and buttocks.

Causes and Risk Factors

Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a hereditary disorder. One can inherit it from one or both parents. KP stems from overreproduction of keratinocytes, the cells that manufacture the protein keratin, an important skin component (called hyperkeratosis). Some researchers describe KP as one of a whole spectrum of disorders, rather than as an independent disease.

KP is more prevalent among children and adolescents and less common in adults. It seems to improve after puberty. Individuals with dry skin and eczema (skin disorder) tend to have more severe cases. The condition improves during warm summer months and worsens during the winter.

Signs and Symptoms

The signs of keratosis pilaris are the papules that typically appear on the upper arms and thighs, and sometimes on the back, face, and buttocks. Papules re-form after they have been removed.

Diagnosis

A dermatologist diagnoses KP based on the appearance of the skin.

Treatment

Thus far, physicians have not developed curative treatments for KP. Gently rubbing off the top layer of skin with a loofah sponge flattens the papules. Fruit acid creams (e.g., salicylic acid) are sometimes effective in unplugging the follicles. Certain prescription medication, such as those used for blackheads and acne, may be helpful as well.

Prevention

The condition cannot be prevented because its underlying cause is genetic. However, very gentle rubbing with a loofah sponge and periodically applying fruit acid creams to keep the follicle openings clear can improve appearance.

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